Symptoms and Diagnosis of Hearing Loss

Oct 12, 2018

Hearing loss may appear during childhood or later in life or may be present since birth. There are numerous causes of hearing loss and depending on the cause the symptoms vary between individuals.

Hearing loss can gradually develop over time especially if it is age related hearing loss or develop after a short illness if it is related to an acute infection of the middle ear.

Many patients may present with hearing loss along with other symptoms such as dizziness, ringing of the ears or tinnitus and feeling of pressure within the ear(s). 1-5

Symptoms of Congenital hearing impairment

Hearing impairment may be present in some conditions since birth. The symptoms of this condition include:

the baby not being startled with a loud noise
not turning his or her head to the source of a sound while under four months old
not say any word even by the age of one
sees the mother but does not respond to her calling him or her
seems to hear some sounds but not all sounds

In general, children with delay in learning to talk, unclear speech, talking loudly or asked the speaker to repeat themselves and turning up the volume of the TV so that it is very loud indicates that there may be hearing impairment.

Symptoms of hearing loss

Common complaints include:

difficulty in hearing and understanding conversations
difficulty in following conversations over the telephone
listening to music or television at a volumes higher than other persons
missing door bells or phone rings
difficulty placing the direction of the oncoming sound

Patients often ask the speaker to repeat and have more difficulty in understanding women and children. They may also have a history of working in a noisy environment.

Symptoms of mild hearing impairment

This means that the patient can hear the quietest sounds between 25 to 39dB. This type of hearing loss means difficulty in understanding whispered speech.

Symptoms of moderate hearing impairment

These persons can hear the quietest sound between 40 to 69dB. A normal conversation becomes difficult for these persons to follow.

Symptoms of severe hearing impairment

The quietest sound that these patients can hear is between 70 to 89dB. These patients cannot hear shouted words and may need sign language for communication.

Symptoms of profound hearing impairment

These patients cannot hear very loud sounds that normally hurt the ears of normal hearing persons.

Other symptoms of hearing loss

Other symptoms include:

discharge of clear fluid or pus from the ears
pain in the affected ear
dizziness
tinnitus or ringing of the ear
feeling of fullness of the affected ear

Diagnosis of hearing loss

Diagnosis of hearing loss involves ear examination, hearing tests and so forth.

Ear examination

The external ear canal is examined using an otoscope or an auriscope. This helps in detection of a blockage in the ear canal with ear wax or with a foreign object (e.g. a bead), ear canal infection, bulging eardrum indicating an acute middle ear infection, perforation of the ear drum and collection within the ear.

Hearing tests

These are performed using a tuning fork test. A tuning fork is a Y-shaped, metallic object. It is tapped and this releases sound waves at a fixed pitch. The tuning fork is then held close to either ear to detect hearing impairment in the ear.

The physician may also whisper near the ear to detect loss of hearing in the ear. This tests for air conduction of the sound.

Tuning fork tests

A hearing test is followed by further tests called tuning fork tests. Once the tapped tuning fork begins to vibrate, it is held against the bone behind the ear called the mastoid bone.

The sound waves move to the ear and the person hears the sound in the normal ear. This tests for the bone conduction of the sound.

Audiometry test

This is also called Pure Tone Audiometry. Both air and bone conduction can be tested using audiometry. For air conduction, sounds are transmitted to the ear using earphones and the patient is asked to indicate when he or she hears the sound.

Bone conduction is tested to see how well the sound is transmitted through the bone rather than the air. These check for the nerves that transmit sound to the brain as well.